The Georgia Negro: A Social Study - Chart shows occupations and pay by sex and income by family [LCCN2013650449]
The pattern
This still is filed under Data as proof.
Define
A chart, map, or count that is the argument, not an illustration next to the argument.
Mechanism
Sighted evidence. The reader is asked to believe their eyes: a bar, a share, a spread on a map.
Verdict
The claim is comparative or quantitative and the figure can be read without a caption doing the sell.
Why it works
This is the analysis layer rather than the display layer, and it is worth keeping for exactly that reason - it shows that every coloured plate in the series sits on a cross-tabulation someone could check. The construction trick is putting three different tabulations on one ruled field with a shared title, so occupation, wage by sex and household income can be read against each other without a join or a second sheet. Leaving the grid visible and the entries in pencil keeps the document honest about being a count of schedules, not a finished claim.
Steal this when
Use this when you need a single working sheet that holds several cuts of one dataset side by side while the argument is still being built. It is also the right artefact to show a sceptical client when they want to see the tabulation behind a headline chart.